Which treatment method is commonly used for apnea of prematurity?

The commonly used treatment for apnea of prematurity involves supportive breathing measures and caffeine administration. Apnea of prematurity is characterized by pauses in breathing for 20 seconds or longer or shorter pauses associated with bradycardia or oxygen desaturation, primarily affecting preterm infants.

Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has been shown to enhance respiratory drive and reduce the frequency of apneic episodes in these infants. It acts by stimulating the respiratory center in the brain, thereby improving their ability to breathe regularly. Supportive breathing measures may include gentle stimulation, maintaining airway patency, and providing supplemental oxygen or mechanical support if needed.

This approach is preferred because it addresses the underlying issue of respiratory drive without the need for more invasive interventions or significant alteration in feeding practices. The other treatment options, such as antibiotics, are not typically a primary intervention for apnea unless there is a suspicion of infection. Exclusive bottle feeding is not relevant in treating apnea, and surgery is usually reserved for other conditions rather than as a first-line treatment for apnea of prematurity.