Which medication is commonly prescribed to prevent apnea of prematurity?

Caffeine citrate is a well-established medication used to prevent and manage apnea of prematurity in preterm infants. This condition is characterized by pauses in breathing that can last more than 20 seconds, which can be particularly concerning in newborns who are not yet developmentally ready for independent breathing.

Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, which helps to increase the respiratory drive and reduce the frequency and severity of apneic episodes. It enhances respiratory muscle tone and stimulates the respiratory centers in the brain, effectively promoting more regular and stable breathing patterns. The use of caffeine is supported by extensive research and is considered a first-line treatment for apnea of prematurity in neonates due to its safety profile and effectiveness.

While other medications such as theophylline and aminophylline can also have stimulant effects and may be used in some cases, caffeine citrate has become the preferred choice in modern neonatal care because of its favorable side effects and the convenience of once-daily dosing. Respiratory stimulants broadly encompass various agents, but caffeine citrate is specifically recognized for its role in managing apnea of prematurity, making it the most commonly prescribed medication for this condition.