Which condition is described as being present when a newborn requires extensive resuscitative measures?

The condition characterized by a newborn needing extensive resuscitative measures aligns closely with neonatal asphyxia. This condition occurs when there is a lack of sufficient oxygen supply to the newborn during the perinatal period, leading to compromised respiratory and cardiovascular function immediately after birth. As a result, the neonate often requires significant interventions such as positive pressure ventilation, chest compressions, and sometimes medications to stabilize their condition.

Neonatal asphyxia is directly related to birth depression, which can stem from various factors including prolonged labor, meconium aspiration, or maternal health issues during pregnancy. Birth depression refers to the initial challenges a newborn may face after delivery due to these factors, and it often necessitates immediate resuscitation efforts. Persistent fetal circulation, on the other hand, refers to a condition that can occur after asphyxia, where the newborn's blood circulation fails to transition appropriately from fetal to neonatal circulation, but does not encapsulate the idea of requiring extensive resuscitation in the immediate moments after birth.

The answer correctly identifies neonatal asphyxia as the condition requiring extensive resuscitative measures in newborns.