What is the purpose of using phototherapy in newborns?

The primary purpose of using phototherapy in newborns is to reduce bilirubin levels. Neonates, especially those who are premature or have certain conditions like hemolytic disease, are at risk of developing hyperbilirubinemia (high levels of bilirubin in the blood). Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and when it accumulates in excess, it can lead to jaundice and potentially serious complications like kernicterus, which can affect brain function.

Phototherapy works by using specific wavelengths of light that help convert bilirubin into a water-soluble form that the baby's body can more easily excrete through urine and stool. This treatment is often effective and crucial in preventing the complications associated with high bilirubin levels.

While phototherapy is an essential treatment in neonatal care, it does not address dehydration, manage hypothermia, or promote weight gain. These issues require different nursing interventions or treatments. Therefore, the use of phototherapy specifically targets the reduction of elevated bilirubin levels in newborns.