What is the primary treatment for respiratory distress syndrome?

Surfactant replacement therapy is crucial in the management of respiratory distress syndrome, particularly in premature infants. This condition often arises due to insufficient production of surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli and keeps them open, facilitating gas exchange in the lungs. By administering surfactant directly into the trachea, it helps restore surface tension, improve lung function, and reduce the risk of atelectasis.

Antibiotic therapy is primarily used for infections, not for treating the underlying cause of respiratory distress in this scenario. Intravenous hydration supports overall fluid balance but does not address the immediate respiratory challenges presented by this syndrome. Blood transfusion is typically indicated in cases of significant anemia or hemorrhage and, while it may support the infant's overall status, it does not target the issues pertaining to respiratory distress syndrome directly. Therefore, surfactant replacement therapy stands out as the primary and most effective treatment for this condition.