What is a primary disease process related to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is primarily characterized by bowel necrosis, which occurs as a result of ischemia in the intestinal tissue. This condition predominantly affects premature infants due to their immature intestinal systems and underdeveloped vascularity. The inflammation caused by necrosis can lead to severe complications, including perforation of the bowel, infection, and systemic illness. The pathophysiology of NEC often involves factors like reduced blood flow to the intestines, bacterial colonization, and an imbalance in gut flora, which ultimately results in the death of intestinal tissue. Identifying bowel necrosis as a primary disease process highlights the importance of recognizing this serious condition early in at-risk neonates to mitigate further complications and initiate appropriate interventions.