What is a key factor contributing to apnea of prematurity?

Apnea of prematurity is primarily linked to the immaturity of the central respiratory center in premature infants. The central respiratory center, located in the brainstem, regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing. In premature neonates, this area is not fully developed, leading to unstable respiratory patterns and episodes of apnea, where the infant temporarily stops breathing for more than 20 seconds.

Prematurity disrupts the ability of the respiratory center to respond appropriately to increased carbon dioxide levels or decreased oxygen levels, resulting in skipped breaths or pauses in respiration. This condition is most commonly seen in infants born before 28 weeks of gestation and gradually diminishes as the infant matures and their respiratory control mechanisms become more developed, generally improving as they approach their due date.

The other options do not accurately reflect the physiology involved in apnea of prematurity. A fully developed respiratory center, increased lung capacity, and normal sleep patterns would not contribute to the condition but rather suggest a more stable respiratory function typically seen in more mature infants.