What condition is characterized by a failure of the alveoli to expand properly in premature infants?

The condition characterized by a failure of the alveoli to expand properly in premature infants is indeed Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). RDS is primarily caused by the immaturity of the lungs and insufficient surfactant, which is critical for keeping the alveoli open. In premature infants, especially those born before 34 weeks of gestation, the production of surfactant is often inadequate, leading to alveolar collapse and respiratory difficulties.

Atelectasis refers to the collapse of a part of the lung or the entire lung, which can occur in various situations, including RDS. However, in the context of premature infants, RDS itself is the condition that leads to the underdevelopment of the lungs and insufficient expansion of the alveoli.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia is a chronic lung disease that can develop in preterm infants as a result of the mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy needed, along with complications from RDS. While atelectasis may be a contributing factor, it is not the primary defining condition in this context.

Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space and can occur in premature infants as a complication of mechanical ventilation but is not characterized by the failure of alveoli to