What are the signs and symptoms of sepsis in neonates?

The signs and symptoms of sepsis in neonates involve a combination of various clinical manifestations that reflect the infant's physiological response to an infection. Temperature instability, lethargy, poor feeding, and respiratory distress are classic indicators of sepsis in this population.

Temperature instability is particularly significant, as neonates may present with either hypothermia or fever, reflecting an inability to maintain a stable temperature due to their immature immune systems. Lethargy indicates decreased alertness and energy, which is a common symptom indicating that the infant's body is responding to an infection. Poor feeding is crucial to note because a septic infant often becomes too weak or disinterested in feeding. Respiratory distress manifests as changes in breathing patterns, increased work of breathing, or changes in oxygen saturation, and can occur as the body attempts to compensate for infection and inflammation.

While jaundice and irritability can be concerning in neonates, they are not specific signs of sepsis. Similarly, high fever and vomiting, as well as diarrhea and dehydration, may be seen in various conditions but do not provide the comprehensive picture of sepsis that the correct answer outlines. Each of the other options presents isolated symptoms that may not effectively indicate sepsis as accurately as the combination of temperature