Bronchopulmonary dysplasia primarily occurs in which group of infants?

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is primarily associated with infants who receive invasive ventilation, particularly those who are premature or have underdeveloped lungs. The condition is characterized by inflammation and scarring in the lungs, which can occur as a result of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. This group of infants is especially vulnerable due to their immature respiratory systems, which are often further compromised by the positive pressure of mechanical ventilation.

Invasive ventilation can introduce high levels of oxygen and pressure into the lungs, leading to injury and inflammatory responses that can contribute to the development of BPD. The condition not only affects lung function but can also impact overall growth and development in these infants.

While other groups, such as infants with congenital heart defects, may experience respiratory challenges, they are not the primary group at risk for BPD compared to those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Infants born at home and those who are exclusively breastfed generally do not have the same risk factors leading to BPD, as these groups are less likely to be subjected to the same degree of mechanical ventilation or the associated risks.